TCC

CAMBRONERO, Shekainah Armie C.
BEED 2A
TCC


I. Things to Remember ...

CHAPTER 1- THE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT LEARNERS

• CHILDHOOD connotes a time of innocence, where one is free from responsibility but vulnerable to forces in his environment.
• ADOLESCENCE (Latin adolescentia, from adolescere, "to grow up") is the period of psychological and social transition between childhood and adulthood.  The transition involves  biological, social, and psychological changes.
• THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG PERSONS are listed in P.D. No. 603 dated Dec. 10, 1974.
• RIGHTS OF CHILDREN: (1) right to be born well; (2) right to a wholesome family life; (3) right to a well rounded development of his personality; (4) right to a healthy and vigorous life; (5) right to be brought up in an atmosphere of morality and rectitude; (6) right to be educated; (7) right to a full opportunities for safe and wholesome recreation and activities; (8) right to protection; (9) right to live in a safe community; (10) right to the care, assistance, and protection of the state; (11) right to an efficient and honest government; (12) right to grow up as a free individual.
• The situation of Filipino children and young persons: victims of sexual or physical abuse, child labor, malnutrition, and parental neglect.
• Projects made to help Filipino Children: Children's Hour, "Ang Panaghoy ng mga bata", TOPS, CRIBS, and Filiae Aesculapii.

CHAPTER 2- PHYSICAL AND MOTOR DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

• A. Early Childhood. Cephalocaudal trend:  lengthening of the neck and torso, followed by the legs.
• According to Tanner, growth is not seen as influenced only by genetic factors but also by nutrition, physical and psychological disorders and even climate.
• It is between ages 6 and 12 that children grow 2 to 3 inches high and six pounds each years. At this stage, a child develops motor coordination, hand-eye coordination,and fine motor coordination.
• B. Middle Childhood. (girls- 6 1/2, 8 1/2, 10 years) ; (boys- 7 1/2, 9, 10 1/2)
• Motor Development. fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination are improved with agility and balance.
• C. Adolescence. Height and Weight changes - (girls- 9 1/2, 14 1/2); (boys- 10 1/2 and 16)
  
• Male: develops wider shoulder, longer legs relative to trunk, longer forearms relative to upper arm and height.
• Female: widening of the pelvis, accumulation of layers of fat under skin.
• Other signs of growth: eyes growing faster, lower jaws become stronger and thicker.
• Puberty. Differences in Primary Sex Characteristics: female-growth of ovaries; male-testes.
• Secondary Sex Characteristics: growth of Pubic hair, development  of the breast in female and growth of facial hair in male; Spermarche- male; Menarche- female.
• FACTORS AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT: 1. Maternal Nutrition 2. Child Nutrition 3. Early Sensory Stimulation.
• FACTORS THAT AFFECT GROWTH: 1. Genetic History 2. Nutrition 3. Medical Conditions 4. Exercise 5. Sleep 6. Emotional Well-Being
• PHYSICAL DISABILITIES. The physically handicapped have impairments that are temporary or permanent. These includes: a.Impairment of the Bone and Muscle System b.Impairment of the Nerve and Muscle System c.Deformities or absence of body organs and systems
• CAUSES OF HANDICAPS: Prenatal Factors: Genetic or Chromosomal Aberrations, Prematurity, Infection, Malnutrition, Irradiation, Metabolic Disturbances, Drug Abuse. Perinatal Factors: Birth Injuries, Difficult Labor, Hemorrhage. Postnatal Factors: Infections, Tumor and Abscess in the Brain, Fractures and Dislocation, Tuberculosis of the Bone, Cerebrovascular Injuries, Post-seizure or post surgical complications, arthritis, rheumatism.
• SENSORY IMPAIRMENTS: Visual Impairment; Blindness.
• Visual Impairments: Albinism, Cataracts, Macular degeneration, Diabetic retinopathy, Glaucoma, Retinitis Pigmentosa, Retinopathy Pigmentosa.
• Auditory Handicap. Deafness can either be prelingual (before speech development) , or postlingual (after speech development)
• Causes of Deafness: Prenatal: toxic conditions, viral disease, congenital defects; Perinatal: injury sustained during delivery, anoxia, heavy sedation, blockage of the infant's respiratory passage; Postnatal: diseases, ailments, accidents; Other Causes: heredity, prematurity, malnutrition, Rh factor, overdosage of medicine.
• Classification of Hearing Impaired Children: 1.Acc. to age at onset of deafness: congenitally deaf, adventitiously deaf; 2.Acc. to Language dev't: prelingually deaf, postlingually deaf; 3.Acc. to place of Impairment: conductive hearing loss, sensory neural hearing loss, mixed hearing loss; 4.Acc. to degree of hearing loss: slight, mild, moderate, severe, profound.
• LEARNING DISABILITIES: dyslexia (reading), dysgraphia (writing), visual agnosia (sight), motor aphasia (speaking), dysarthria (stuttering), auditory agnosia (hearing), olfactory agnosia (smelling), dyscalculia (math).
• 3 General Causes of Learning Disabilities: 1.Problematic Pregnancy 2.Biochemical Imbalance 3.Environmental Factors.
• ADHD - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• ADD- Attention Deficit Disorder

CHAPTER 3- LINGUISTIC AND LITERACY DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

• Noam Chomsky- espouses the nativist approach to language development.
• LAD- Language Acquisition Device- enables children to learn a language early and quickly.
• Jerome Bruner- emphasizes the critical roles parents and other early caregivers play in language development.
• LASS- Language Acquisition Support System
• There are advantages and disadvantages of Bilingualism
• Bilingualism- having knowledge of two language.

II. How does the subject influenced you as being future teacher?
          
           The first professional that a child meets early in his/her life is a teacher.  A teacher is a person who provides education for pupils. Teachers help us to dream, to achieve and to overcome the problems and challenges in our lives. Hence, the teachers, together with the parents, are the one responsible for shaping the child/student's personality to the fullest.

           This subject, "Child and Adolescent Development", makes me cognizant of the different changes that children and adolescents undergo. Knowing about these changes make me understand them better. The subject provides informations on how to handle children properly considering their age and their situations. Each chapter encompasses the appropriate approach and treatment to a particular case of a child. And as a future early childhood professional, that will help me a lot. Through these, I believe I can develop my future students to the fullest extent of their abilities with care and love added.